Photography is a technique, including processes and materials, that consists in fixing or reproducing over time accurate images of the real world on a photosensitive medium (silver photosensitive chemical with film or paper, digital sensor) by exposure to visible or non-visible light, such as infrared.

The pinhole is a photographic device based on the optical principle of the camera obscura (darkroom). It consists of a camera (box) containing a photosensitive surface (paper, film, sensor) and allowing light to pass through a microscopic hole drilled in a very thin material, usually a metal sheet.